What Determines Manhood Essay Example For Students

What Determines Manhood? Essay A man is not defined by his muscles, his facial hair, what he wears, what he drives, or by how much money he makes. The common assumption a lot of guys have is that being male automatically makes them men. Dont get me wrong a person must be male to be a man, but it is not the sole qualification for becoming a good man. A real man is one who takes care of lifes responsibilities. Such responsibilities may include obligations to family, friends, career, and community. A real man is a role model and he respects women.Negative media that degrades women does not influence a real man. Real men dont measure themselves by the success of other men. Real men dont quit. Real men are mentally strong as well as physically strong. Real men are open-minded; they are not racist, sexist, or homophobic. Real men respect the opposing viewpoints of others even though they may disagree with them. A real man values education and is always ready to learn. A real man is confident in himself but he is not arr ogant. A real man knows himself and his limits.A boy grows from a teenager to a man when he reaches certain milestones in his life. When a teenager graduates from high school he is no longer considered a child. He must go and make a productive life for himself. When a guy gets a job, starts college, earns his drivers license, opens his own bank account, starts paying bills, begins to date, and he begins to make his own decisions in life, he should be considered a man. Some kids grow up quick; therefore I believe that a man cannot be defined by age. A boy becomes a man as soon as he is successfully able to handle adult responsibilities. Some kids are not only expected to attend school and get good grades but they also have to deal with chores, run errands, and act as the man of the house because there is no father around. These kids learn the importance of family early and are often put under more physical and mental stress than the average adolescent is.Family is the foundation of o ur society and the father is a major part of the family foundation. Having children scattered across the country doesnt prove a persons manhood. A man should love his wife, but if for whatever reason they are unable to stay together, he should not hold his children responsible. A real man would never desert his family. Any guy can have a child but only a real man can be a good father to his child. Many children are negatively effected when there is no father present in the home. A father must provide guidance, support, and love to his children.The man is also responsible for at least fifty percent of the family income. He should make sure that all of the familys needs are met. A man is responsible for keeping food in the fridge and clothes on his childrens backs. He has to pay the utility bills, which include, water, electric, gas, the phone, etc. A family needs a good house to live in; therefore the man needs to keep the mortgage paid. The family car has to stay gassed up and in go od working order. The car note and the insurance need to be paid. The wife and kids will need health insurance, and so does the house.Friends are also an important part of family. People cannot lead healthy lives without friends who they trust and are able to confide in. A good man is loyal to his friends. Not only does he hang out with them and go to parties but also he is there for them in times of need. A good friend listens and gives practical advice when it is asked of him. Friends do favors for each other. A real man is a good friend.If a man expects to financially support his family he must have a career that will allow him to comfortably do so. There are not many options for good employment available to men that dont have a college education. Most men who do not have a good education must settle for menial labor jobs, which require little skill and education. The average menial labor job pays small wages. The cost of living is constantly rising and it is harder to support a family with these types of jobs. A man is not defined by what he does or by how much money he makes, but if he cannot earn enough money to handle his responsibilities, he is not a real man. A real man strives to be the best that he can be. An adult male with three children cannot handle his responsibilities with a weekly check from McDonalds unless he is a store manager or a franchise owner. If a person is flipping burgers at thirty-five than they havent tried to be the best that they could be.All of a mans responsibilities tie in to his obligation to his surrounding community. A persons community consists of a city or town, state, and country. A man fulfills his duty to his community by successfully carrying out the demands of manhood. A man is expected to be a good citizen. A good man works, pays taxes, and votes. A real a man raises his children to be good citizens as well. A man should respect women. A good man keeps his house in order and helps keep his neighborhood clean. Real man care about the environment and they contribute to society through their work. Men have a lot of responsibilities to take care of in life. It is the real men that handle these responsibilities and emerge as the leaders of society. .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .postImageUrl , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:visited , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:active { border:0!important; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:active , .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48 .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u842443ac36d28da06c7d5c4ec106aa48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Levine, Jake Essay We will write a custom essay on What Determines Manhood? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Mesoamerica Cultural Timeline

Mesoamerica Cultural Timeline This Mesoamerica timeline is built on the standard periodization used in Mesoamerican archaeology and upon which specialists generally agree. The term Mesoamerica literally means Middle America and it typically refers to the geographic region between the southern border of the United States to the Isthmus of Panama, including Mexico and Central America. However, Mesoamerica was and is dynamic, and never a single unified block of cultures and styles. Different regions had different chronologies, and regional terminologies exist and are touched upon in their specific areas below. Archaeological sites listed below are examples for each period, a handful of the many more that could be listed, and they often were inhabited across time periods. Hunter-Gatherer Periods Preclovis Period (?25,000–10,000 BCE). There are a handful of sites in Mesoamerica that are tentatively associated with the broad-scale hunter-gatherers known as Pre-Clovis, but they are all problematic and none appear to meet enough criteria to consider them unequivocally valid. Pre-Clovis lifeways are thought to have been based on broad-based hunter-forager-fisher strategies. Possible preclovis sites include Valsequillo, Tlapacoya, El Cedral, El Bosque, Loltun Cave. Paleoindian Period (ca 10,000–7000 BCE): The first fully-attested human inhabitants of Mesoamerica were hunter-gatherer groups belonging to the Clovis period. Clovis points and related points found throughout Mesoamerica are generally associated with big game hunting. A handful of sites also include fish-tail points such as Fells Cave points, a type found more commonly in South American Paleoindian sites. Paleoindian sites in Mesoamerica include El Fin del Mundo, Santa Isabel Iztapan, Guil Naquitz, Los Grifos, Cueva del Diablo. Archaic Period (7000–2500 BCE):. After the extinction of large-bodied mammals, many new technologies were invented, including maize domestication, developed by Archaic hunter-gatherers by 6000 BCE. Other innovative strategies included the construction of durable buildings such as pit houses, intensive techniques of cultivation and resource exploitation, new industries including ceramics, weaving, storage, and prismatic blades. The first sedentism appears about the same time as maize, and over time more and more people gave up mobile hunter-gatherer life for a village life and agriculture. People made smaller and more refined stone tools, and on the coasts, began to rely more on marine resources. Sites include Coxcatln, Guil Naquitz, Gheo Shih, Chantuto, Santa Marta cave, Pulltrouser Swamp. Pre-Classic / Formative Periods The Pre-Classic or Formative period is so named because it was originally thought to be when the basic characteristics of the classic civilizations such as the Maya began to form. The major innovation was the shift to permanent sedentism and village life based on horticulture and full-time agriculture. This period also saw the first theocratic village societies, fertility cults, economic specialization, long-distance exchange, ancestor worship, and social stratification. The period also saw the development of three distinct areas: central Mesoamerica where village farming arose in the coastal and highland areas; Aridamerica to the north, where traditional hunter-forager ways persisted; and the Intermediate area to the southeast, where Chibchan speakers kept loose ties to South American cultures. Early Preclassic/Early Formative Period (2500–900 BCE): The major innovations of the Early Formative period include the increase in pottery use, transition from village life to a more complex social and political organization, and elaborate architecture. Early Preclassic sites include those in Oaxaca (San Josà © Mogote; Chiapas: Paso de la Amada, Chiapa de Corzo), Central Mexico (Tlatilco, Chalcatzingo), Olmec area ( San Lorenzo), Western Mexico (El Opeà ±o), Maya area (Nakbà ©, Cerros), and Southeastern Mesoamerica (Usulutn). Middle Preclassic/Middle Formative Period (900–300 BCE): Increasing social inequalities is a hallmark of the Middle Formative, with elite groups having a closer connection to the wider distribution of luxury items, as well as the ability to finance public architecture and stone monuments such as ball courts, palaces, sweat baths, permanent irrigation systems, and tombs. Essential and recognizable pan-Mesoamerican elements began during this period, such as bird-serpents and controlled marketplaces; and murals, monuments, and portable art speak to political and social changes. Middle Preclassic sites include those in the Olmec area (La Venta, Tres Zapotes), Central Mexico (Tlatilco, Cuicuilco), Oaxaca (Monte Alban), Chiapas (Chiapa de Corzo, Izapa), Maya area (Nakbà ©, Mirador, Uaxactun, Kaminaljuyu, Copan), West Mexico (El Opeà ±o, Capacha), Southeastern Mesoamerica (Usulutn). Late Preclassic/Late Formative Period (300 BCE–200/250 CE): This period saw an enormous population increase along with the emergence of regional centers and the rise of regional state societies. In the Maya area, this period is marked by the construction of massive architecture decorated with giant stucco masks; the Olmec may have had three or more city-states at its maximum. The Late Preclassic also saw the first evidence of a particular pan-Mesoamerican view of the universe as a quadripartite, multi-layered cosmos, with shared creation myths and a pantheon of deities. Examples of Late Preclassic sites include those in Oaxaca (Monte Alban), Central Mexico (Cuicuilco, Teotihuacan), in the Maya area (Mirador, Abaj Takalik, Kaminaljuyà º, Calakmul, Tikal, Uaxactun, Lamanai, Cerros), in Chiapas (Chiapa de Corzo, Izapa), in Western Mexico (El Opeà ±o), and in Southeastern Mesoamerica (Usulutn). Classic Period During the Classic period in Mesoamerica, complex societies increased dramatically and split into a large number of polities that varied greatly in scale, population, and complexity; all of them were agrarian, and tied into the regional exchange networks. The simplest were located in the Maya lowlands, where city-states were organized on a feudal basis, with political control involving a complex system of interrelationships between royal families. Monte Alban was at the center of a conquest state that dominated most of the southern highlands of Mexico, organized around an emerging and vital craft production and distribution system. The Gulf Coast region was organized in about the same fashion, based on the long-distance exchange of obsidian. Teotihuacan was the largest and most complex of the regional powers, with a population of between 125,000 to 150,000, dominating the central region, and maintaining a palace-centric social structure. Early Classic Period (200/250–600 CE): The early Classic saw the apogee of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico, one of the largest metropolis of the ancient world. Regional centers began to diffuse outward, along with widespread Teotihuacan-Maya political and economic connections, and a centralized authority. In the Maya area, this period saw the erection of stone monuments (called stelae) with inscriptions about kings lives and events. Early Classic sites are in Central Mexico (Teotihuacan, Cholula), the Maya area (Tikal, Uaxactun, Calakmul, Copan, Kaminaljuyu, Naranjo, Palenque, Caracol), Zapotec region (Monte Alban), and western Mexico (Teuchitln). Late Classic (600–800/900 CE): The beginning of this period is characterized by the ca. 700 CE collapse of Teotihuacan in Central Mexico and the political fragmentation and high competition among many Maya sites. The end of this period saw the disintegration of political networks and a sharp decline in population levels in the southern Maya lowlands by about 900 CE. Far from a total collapse, however, many centers in the northern Maya lowlands and other areas of Mesoamerica continued to flourish afterward. Late Classic sites include the Gulf Coast (El Tajin), the Maya area (Tikal, Palenque, Tonin, Dos Pilas, Uxmal, Yaxchiln, Piedras Negras, Quirigu, Copan), Oaxaca (Monte Alban), Central Mexico (Cholula). Terminal Classic (as it is called in the Maya area) or Epiclassic (in central Mexico) (650/700–1000 CE): This period attested a political reorganization in the Maya lowlands with a new prominence of the Northern Lowland of northern Yucatan. New architectural styles show evidence of strong economic and ideological connection between central Mexico and northern Maya Lowlands. Important Terminal Classic sites are in Central Mexico (Cacaxtla, Xochicalco, Tula), the Maya area (Seibal, Lamanai, Uxmal, Chichen Itz, Sayil), the Gulf Coast (El Tajin). Postclassic The Postclassic Period is that period roughly between the fall of the Classic period cultures and the Spanish conquest. The Classic period saw larger states and empires replaced by small polities of a central town or city and its hinterland, ruled by kings and a small hereditary elite based at palaces, a marketplace and one or more temples. Early Postclassic (900/1000–1250): The Early Postclassic saw an intensification of trade and strong cultural connections between the northern Maya area and Central Mexico. There was also a flourishing of a constellation of small competing kingdoms, that competition expressed by warfare-related themes in arts. Some scholars refer to the Early Postclassic as the Toltec period, because one likely dominant kingdom was based at Tula. Sites are located in Central Mexico (Tula, Cholula), Maya area (Tulum, Chichen Itz, Mayapan, Ek Balam), Oaxaca (Tilantongo, Tututepec, Zaachila), and the Gulf Coast (El Tajin). Late Postclassic (1250–1521): The Late Postclassic period is traditionally bracketed by the emergence of the Aztec/Mexica empire and its destruction by the Spanish conquest. The period saw increased militarization of competing empires across Mesoamerica, most of which fell to and became tributary states of the Aztecs, with the exception of the Tarascans/Purà ©pecha of Western Mexico. Sites in Central Mexico are (Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Cholula, Tepoztlan), in the Gulf Coast (Cempoala), in Oaxaca (Yagul, Mitla), in the Maya region (Mayapan, Tayasal, Utatlan, Mixco Viejo), and in West Mexico (Tzintzuntzan). Colonial Period 15211821 The Colonial period began with the fall of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and the surrender of Cuauhtemoc to Hernan Cortes in 1521; and the fall of central America including the Kiche Maya to Pedro de Alvardo in 1524. Mesoamerica was now administered as a Spanish colony. The pre-European Mesoamerican cultures sustained a huge blow with the invasion and conquest of Mesoamerica by Spaniards in the early 16th century. The conquistadors and their religious community of friars brought new political, economic, and religious institutions and new technologies including the introduction of European plants and animals. Diseases were also introduced, diseases which decimated some populations and transformed all of the societies. But in Hispania, some pre-Columbian cultural traits were retained and others modified, many introduced traits were adopted and adapted to fit into existing and sustained native cultures. The Colonial period ended when after more than 10 years of armed struggle, the Creoles (Spaniards born in the Americas) declared independence from Spain. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Carmack, Robert M., Janine L. Gasco, and Gary H. Gossen. The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization. Routledge, 2016. Print.Carrasco, David, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.Evans, Susan Toby, and David L. Webster, eds. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. Print.Manzanilla, Linda R., and Leonardo Lopez Lujan, eds. Historia Antigua De Mexico. Mexico City: Miguel Angel Porrà ºa, 2001. Print.Nichols, Deborah L., and Christopher A. Pool, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print.